Persona: Terroba, Félix
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Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
El Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial es el Organismo Público de Investigación (OPI) dependiente del Ministerio de Defensa. Además de realizar actividades de investigación científica y de desarrollo de sistemas y prototipos en su ámbito de conocimiento, presta servicios tecnológicos a empresas, universidades e instituciones.
El INTA está especializado en la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico, de carácter dual, en los ámbitos de la Aeronáutica, Espacio, Hidrodinámica, Seguridad y Defensa.
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Publicación Acceso Abierto Micro/Bubble drag reduction focused on new applications(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-06-28) García-Magariño, Adelaida; López Gavilán, Pablo; Sor, Suthyvann; Terroba, Félix; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)Bubble drag reduction has been shown to be a promising technique for reducing the drag in ships, thus reducing the emission of pollutants and allowing the compliance with the new requirements imposed recently in this respect. Different searches have been conducted in the publications related to this technique, and an increase in interest has been shown, especially in the last decade. In this context, a review of the experimental work related to bubble drag reduction published in the last decade is presented in the present article. The works were classified according to the facility used (towing tank, cavitation tunnel, water channel, Taylor–Couette…), and the main finding are presented. It was found that two new trends in research have arisen, while there are still contradictions in the fundamental basis, which needs further study.Publicación Acceso Abierto Design Process and Advanced Manufacturing of an Aquatic Surface Vehicle Hull for the Integration of a Hydrogen Power Plant Propulsion System(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-02-01) Renau Martínez, Jordi; García Peñas, Víctor; Ibáñez Arnal, Manuel; Giménez Sancho, Alberto; López González, E.; García-Magariño, Adelaida; Terroba, Félix; Moreno Ayerbe, Francisco Javier; Sánchez López, Fernando; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)This article presents the design and manufacturing of a hydrogen-powered unmanned aquatic surface vehicle (USV) hull. The design process comprised three stages: (1) defining the requirements for a preliminary geometry, (2) verifying the hydrodynamic hull performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and (3) experimentally validating the hydrodynamic hull performance and CFD analysis results through experimental fluid dynamics in a calm water towing tank. The manufacturing process utilized additive manufacturing technologies, such as fused granular fabrication and selective laser sintering, to produce the hull and other components, including the propeller and the rudder; thermoplastic materials with carbon fiber reinforcement were employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized trimaran hull exhibited low hydrodynamic resistance (7.5 N), high stability, and a smooth flow around the hull (up to 2 m/s). The design and manufacturing of the USV hull met expectations from both hydrodynamic and structural perspectives, and future work was outlined to integrate a power plant, navigation system, and scientific equipment.Publicación Acceso Abierto Practical Design of a Low-Cost Icing Wind Tunnel for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Testing in a Limited Space(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-08-07) Plaza del Pino, Juan Carlos; Terroba, Félix; García-Magariño, Adelaida; Atienza, R.; Mora Nogués, Julio; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)Ice accretion on aircrafts due to atmospheric conditions is still a relevant research topic, especially in the case of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), due to their smaller size and the relative underdevelopment of ice protection systems (anti-icing and de-icing) for these aircraft. For the research and development of these systems, it is necessary to assess their performance in icing wind tunnels (IWTs), which are generally high-cost facilities. This article describes the design and building process of a new IWT for testing fixed-wing UAVs, aimed at cost reduction and restricted to an existing cold climate chamber of limited size. The designed IWT is an open-circuit type with two corners, a test section size of 0.40 m × 0.27 m and speed up to 70 m/s. The design process employs widely used and proven semi-empirical formulas, supported by detailed calculations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, to achieve a test section core of useful quality and avoid flow separation. Theoretical limits with respect to a usable droplet size and Liquid Water Content (LWC) are calculated, and the test section core is estimated. The design process followed proves to be a very good approach to the design and aerodynamic optimisation of a low-cost IWT.Publicación Restringido Study of the transverse strain effect on the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor (FBGS) response with polyimide coating under experimental biaxial tests(Elsevier, 2023-12-15) Martínez Vicente, Juan Luis; González Gallego, Manuel; Terroba, Félix; Frövel, Malte; López Cela, Juan José; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)The aim of this research work is to study the behaviour of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to interpret their response more accurately in a structural monitoring system. In the presence of a complex stress state, a structure is subjected to strain fields in multiple directions simultaneously and the sensors used for its structural monitoring are affected as well. However, the traditional procedure to calibrate FBG sensors consists of uniaxial tensile tests to calculate a strain sensitivity factor () that relates the sensor response to the strain measured during the test. In this study, a polyimide coated FBG sensor is embedded in a cruciform composite specimen to analyse its response to biaxial strain states. The experimental methodology has consisted of carrying out a campaign of biaxial tests on this specimen in which the longitudinal strain () has been kept constant and the transverse strain () has been varied by means of a triaxial testing machine to reproduce different plane stress states. Biaxial tests have allowed to study experimentally the influence of the on the longitudinal measurement of the FBG sensor and therefore on the calibration procedure. Finally, the experimental results obtained in both uniaxial and biaxial tests have been compared to the strain-optic theory.Publicación Restringido Structural health and usage monitoring of an unmanned turbojet target drone(SAGE, 2018-03-22) Terroba, Félix; Frövel, Malte; Atienza, R.Aerial target drones are an important tool for the training of anti-air batteries and missiles for defense and homeland protection. These target drones are highly loaded structures that require a reliable inspection after each flight. A health and usage monitoring system based on load path changes has been developed. These changes are measured with fiber optic Bragg grating sensors which have been implemented in high loaded structural parts of the fuselage of the DIANA IA, which is operated by the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology. The health and usage onitoring system has been tested and calibrated by destructive tests, introducing defined damages in fuselage stringers and evaluating the structural damage by the measured strain distribution. The tests have shown that a simple system based on four fiber optic Bragg grating sensors is able to detect barely visible structural damages in the entire high loaded front fuselage of the drone. The health and usage monitoring system requires only on-ground equipment and enables a fast turnaround of the drone after each flight. Two DIANAs have been instrumented for their application in service. First flight tests have been performed and the performance of the health and usage monitoring system has been evaluated.Publicación Acceso Abierto Fiber bragg gratings sensor strain–optic behavior with different polymeric coatings subjected to transverse strain(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-04-27) González Gallego, Manuel; Terroba, Félix; Martínez Vicente, Juan Luis; González del Val, Miguel; López Cela, Juan José; Frövel, Malte; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)This research work is based on a previous study by the authors that characterized the behavior of FBG sensors with a polyimide coating in a structural monitoring system. Sensors applied to structural health monitoring are affected by the presence of simultaneous multidirectional strains. The previous study observed the influence of the transverse strain (ey) while keeping the longitudinal strain constant (ex), where the x direction is the direction of the optical fiber. The present study develops an experimental methodology consisting of a biaxial test plan on cruciform specimens with three embedded FBG sensors coated with polyimide, acrylate, and ORMOCER®. Applying the Strain–Optic Theory as a reference, a comparison of the experimental values obtained with the different coatings was studied. This experimental work made it possible to study the influence of the transverse strain (ey) on the longitudinal measurements of each FBGS and the influence of the coating material. Finally, the calibration procedure was defined as well as K (strain sensitivity factor) for each sensor.Publicación Acceso Abierto Thermal expansion calculation using FBGS in cryogenic applications(Elsevier, 2024-09-15) González del Val, Miguel; Martínez Olmo, José Manuel; Terroba, Félix; Cabrerizo, F.; Turon, Albert; Renart, J.; Frövel, Malte; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)This study presents the measurement of the thermal expansion of aluminum alloy 6061 at cryogenic temperatures using Helium as the cooling medium. Three distinct tests were conducted to evaluate thermal expansion: two with gradual and natural heating of the material, and a third with temperature stabilization at key points. Measurements were carried out using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGS), which provided precise and reliable data on the material's thermal behavior. The obtained results were compared with reference curves from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), showing good agreement and validation of the employed methods. This research highlights the effectiveness of using FBGS in measuring thermal expansion under cryogenic conditions and the importance of heating procedures in obtaining accurate data.Publicación Acceso Abierto Ensayos biaxiales sobre sensores de fibra óptica basados en redes de Bragg(AEMAC- Asociación Española de Materiales Compuestos, 2021-07-19) González Gallego, Manuel; Terroba, Félix; Frövel, Malte; Moravec, C.; Martínez Vicente, Juan Luis; Serna, M. C.Los sensores de fibra óptica basados en redes de Bragg, ampliamente usados en sistemas de monitorización estructural, son sensores cuyo funcionamiento es perfectamente conocido desde el punto de vista teórico cuando son sometidos a deformaciones en la dirección de la propia fibra. No obstante, las deformaciones transversales tienen efecto en el comportamiento de la fibra óptica como sensor, aunque dicho efecto ha sido menos estudiado y es menos conocido. Cuando un sensor se encuentra embebido en una estructura de material compuesto, sudeformación rara vez es unidireccional, debido a la presencia de estados de carga complejos o al efecto que el módulo de Poisson tiene sobre la deformación del propio laminado.El objetivo del trabajo es someter al sensor a un estado de deformación controlado en los dos ejes del plano principal mediante la aplicación de cargas perpendiculares entre sí. Para ello, se va a realizar una campaña de ensayos biaxiales sobre probetas de material compuesto con sensores de fibra óptica embebidos. Con esta metodología de ensayos en el plano, se observará la influencia de las deformaciones transversales en los valores de deformación longitudinal medidos por el sensor.Para la realización de los ensayos biaxiales se ha utilizadouna máquina de ensayos que permite controlar las cargas aplicadas en las tres direcciones espaciales de forma independiente y un equipo de medición de deformaciones mediante correlación digital de imagen (CDI). De esta forma, se realizará una caracterización del sensor antes dicho bajo un estadode cargas. Bragg Grating based optical fibre sensors are widely used for structural monitoring. Its operation is theoretical well known when deformations are measured along the fibre axes. Nevertheless, transversedeformations of the optical fibre have an effect thataffects the performance of the sensors. This transverse effect has not been so deeply studied as the longitudinal and it is less known. When a sensor is embedded in a composite structure, its deformation is rarely unidirectional because of the presence ofcomplex loads cases and/or the Poisson module effect on the deformation of the lamination. A test campaign of biaxial composite material specimens with embedded fibre optic sensors is going to be performed. The work pursues to create controlled deformation cases to the sensor in the two main axes of its plane, by means of perpendicular loads in each axis. Following this test methodology in the plane, it will be observed the influence of the transverse deformations on the values of the longitudinal deformation measured by the sensors. To carry out the biaxial tests it has been used equipment that allows the control of the applied load in the three coordinate axes independently. It also been used a digital image correlation (DIC) equipment for measuring the deformations. Characterization of the sensors will be carried out with different load case tests.Publicación Acceso Abierto Los materiales compuestos en el ICTS-CEHIPAR(AEMAC- Asociación Española de Materiales Compuestos, 2021-01-18) Martínez Vicente, Juan Luis; González Gallego, Manuel; Terroba, Félix; Frövel, Malte; Valle, Jesús; de la Rosa Escribano, Juan Carlos; Serna, M. C.; Martínez, J. L. [0000-0001-9046-8237]El Centro de Experiencias Hidrodinámicas de El Pardo (ICTS-CEHIPAR), considerado como Infraestructura Científica y Técnica Singular (ICTS), es parte de la Subdirección General de Sistemas Navales (SGSN) del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA). En el Departamento de Tecnología y Ensayos del ICTS-CEHIPAR, se ha creado recientemente una línea de investigación aplicada a la industria naval y centrada en el estudio de materiales compuestos. En esta línea de investigación se ha marcado como objetivo la monitorización de esfuerzos estructurales en materiales compuestos mediante sensores de fibra óptica en redes de Bragg de difracción (FBGS). Desde el ICTS-CEHIPAR se persigue la mejora de los procedimientos constructivos de modelos para buques y artefactos navales y por ello, el uso de materiales compuestos en estos procedimientos. En este sentido, la implementación de técnicas de instrumentación para la monitorización de esfuerzos en dichos materiales es necesaria para detectar posibles daños debidos a diferentes causas que pueden ocurrir a lo largo de su vida útil. Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos a escala permitirán aplicar a buques reales las metodologías de fabricación e instrumentación estudiadas, con el fin de incrementar su seguridad y optimizar su mantenimiento.Publicación Acceso Abierto Monotorización de la salud estructural de un material compuesto mediante sensores FBGS(Sociedad Española de Materiales, 2022-06-02) González Gallego, Manuel; Martínez Vicente, Juan Luis; Terroba, Félix; Frövel, Malte; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)En este trabajo se presenta la campaña de ensayos biaxiales llevada a cabo con el fin de caracterizar la influencia de cargas transversales en los sensores de fibra óptica en redes de Bragg (FBGS) con diferentes materiales de recubrimiento. Para la caracterización de los sensores FBG se ha optado por un diseño de probeta con geometría cruciforme, como medio material estructural de análisis del campo de deformaciones. En estas probetas, los sensores se han colocado en la zona central, alineada con dos de los brazos y perpendicular a los otros dos. Los ensayos biaxiales se han prolongado hasta alcanzar el 70% de la carga máxima soportada por el material compuesto, con el que está fabricada la probeta cruciforme. Las probetas ensayadas se han laminado a partir de tejido unidireccional reforzado con fibra de carbono y resina epoxi, utilizado en estructuras monolíticas navales. Este proyecto de investigación se enmarca en el Convenio de colaboración existente entre INTA y la UCLM.
