Mars Connect: Surface-Orbital Radio-Communication System on Mars. Design and Testing

Abstract

The exploration of Mars has been developed by multiple vehicles (rovers and orbiters) deployed since the dawn of the space race, and lately with the Perseverance mission. The acquisition of data and samples is relevant to study the planet and prepare future manned missions. In this regard, the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) performs R+D of impact probes; in particular, the Mars Connect mission aims to establish an operational probe network on Mars for the acquisition and transmission of atmospheric data. This will provide better understanding of the planet's atmospheric dynamics and help to reduce risks for future landings on Mars. The required surface-orbital telecommunication system must perform a UHF band network, linking probes with Mars orbiters, and operate under severe environmental, impact (up to 150 m/s), and reduced space conditions (probes diameter 28 cm), among others. In addition, interoperability with orbiters requires the system to comply with the Proximity-1 normative. This paper will cover the design and testing of the system and its main components: - Section 1 will include the approach and engineering of the telecommunication system that has to meet severe performance and condition requirements. The Mars-space propagation model and system link budget will also be defined. - Section 2 and 3 will be dedicated to the R+D approach of the transceiver and the antenna respectively, as main elements of the system. - Section 4 will present the testing of the telecommunication system and its elements at INTA facilities, including mechanical, environmental and performance qualification following space normative and mission requirements. Testing setup definition will be shown for the transceiver. - Final Section 5 will explain the situation and future work regarding R+D and testing of the Mars Connect mission telecommunication system.